Sliding Doors
Every game has a moment that could have gone either way. We find it: the fumble that bounced wrong, the kick that hooked, the fourth down that came up a yard short. Then we flip it and measure the other world. 63 of 136 games this season turned on a single play like that.
↳Bottom lineIn 63 of 136 games this season, flipping one play would have made the losing team the likely winner.
?How to read this chart
- The line is win probability:
- the chance, minute by minute, that each team wins the game, from our model. Line at the top = the home team (named top left) is winning; at the bottom = the away team. The faint middle line is 50/50; the vertical lines split the quarters.
- The dot is the coin-flip play
- (a fumble, a kick, a fourth down, an interception). The big % is the losing team's chance right after it.
- Press Flip it
- to see the other world: the purple branch shows where the chance would have gone if that one play had gone the other way. Only that instant is priced: the rest of the game never happened.
If that interception had fallen incomplete
Q4 5:01 9-M.Stafford pass short left intended for 23-K.Williams INTERCEPTED by 9-T.Hufanga at DEN 34. 9-T.Hufanga for 66 yards, TOUCHDOWN.
Doors that changed games
If the 57-yard kick had missed
Q4 0:01 39-C.Little 57 yard field goal is GOOD, Center-52-D.Hamilton, Holder-9-L.Cooke.
If the Chiefs had converted that fourth-and-6
Q4 0:04 15-P.Mahomes sacked at DEN 12 for -6 yards (97-M.Roach).
If the Saints kicker had made it from 62
Q4 0:02 10-D.Carlson 62 yard field goal is No Good, Wide Right, Center-49-Z.Wood, Holder-17-R.Wright.
If that interception had fallen incomplete
Q4 0:24 1-C.Ward pass short left intended for 5-E.Ayomanor INTERCEPTED by 8-J.Holland at NYG -4. Touchback. PENALTY on NYG-3-A.Carter, Unsportsmanlike Conduct, 10 yards, enforced at NYG 20.
If the Chargers had fallen on their own fumble
Q4 3:52 8-O.Hampton up the middle to LV 46 for 2 yards (17-N.Dean). FUMBLES (17-N.Dean), RECOVERED by LV-11-J.Chinn at LV 41. 11-J.Chinn to LAC 16 for 43 yards (10-J.Herbert).
If the Chargers had stopped that fourth-and-6
Q4 11:15 17-J.Allen pass short left to 26-T.Johnson for 43 yards, TOUCHDOWN NULLIFIED by Penalty [92-J.Eboigbe]. PENALTY on BUF-88-D.Knox, Offensive Holding, 10 yards, enforced at LAC 14.
If the Browns had recovered that fumble
Q2 3:52 32-I.Davis right tackle to 50 for no gain (5-Q.Williams). FUMBLES (5-Q.Williams), recovered by NYJ-7-G.Smith at 50.
If the 43-yard kick had missed
Q4 0:03 38-C.Ryland 43 yard field goal is GOOD, Center-59-C.Kreiter, Holder-12-B.Gillikin.
If the Buccaneers had converted that fourth-and-11
Q4 0:22 6-B.Mayfield pass incomplete deep middle to 2-E.Egbuka.
If that interception had fallen incomplete
Q4 1:46 10-J.Daniels pass short right intended for 2-E.Egbuka INTERCEPTED by 35-J.Dean at TB 43. 35-J.Dean pushed ob at TB 3 for 40 yards (10-J.Daniels).
If the Dolphins had stopped that fourth-and-3
Q2 5:04 10-D.Maye pass short middle to 86-E.Chism to MIA 29 for 12 yards (11-D.Trader).
If the Giants had fallen on their own fumble
Q5 2:00 44-C.Skattebo up the middle to WAS 24 for no gain (94-D.Payne; 52-S.Styles). FUMBLES (94-D.Payne), RECOVERED by WAS-96-S.Tuttle at WAS 23.
Doors slammed shut, by team
↳Bottom lineHit hardest: Buccaneers, with 5 doors slammed shut.
?How to read this chart
- One row = one team.
- The line in the middle is zero.
- Purple bar, to the left:
- how much win probability one flipped play could have given the team, added up over the games it lost. Longer = more games lost on a bounce.
- Gold bar, to the right:
- the same in games it won: luck that went its way.
- Doors
- on the right counts losses that one flip would have turned into a likely win.
Against them: how far the swing play could have lifted them in games they lost. For them: the same in games they won. Doors = losses that one flip would have turned into a likely win.
The door in every game
?How to read the list
- Each line is a game:
- the score, the kind of play, what happened, and two numbers.
- For example 38→71%
- would mean the losing team had a 38% chance to win right after the real play, and 71% if it had gone the other way. Highlighted numbers are the plays that would have changed the likely winner.
Week 9
JAX 33@10 BAL
Made kickIf the 36-yard kick had missed38→44%
CIN 34@17 ATL
Made kickIf the 57-yard kick had missed14→25%
CLE 22@23 NO
Fourth down stoppedIf the Browns had converted that fourth-and-145→72%
DAL 27@23 IND
Fumble lostIf the Colts had fallen on their own fumble31→56%
DEN 26@21 CAR
Fumble lostIf the Panthers had fallen on their own fumble3→36%
DET 19@9 MIA
Made kickIf the 43-yard kick had missed7→24%
LAR 20@13 WSH
Fourth down stoppedIf the Commanders had converted that fourth-and-172→26%
NYG 19@11 PHI
Fumble keptIf the Eagles had recovered that fumble18→41%
NYJ 12@35 KC
Fumble keptIf the Jets had recovered that fumble31→53%
HOU 44@22 LAC
Made kickIf the 56-yard kick had missed38→49%
LV 17@38 SF
Fourth down convertedIf the Raiders had stopped that fourth-and-240→57%
ARI 3@17 SEA
Made kickIf the 45-yard kick had missed7→15%
GB 45@27 NE
InterceptionIf that interception had fallen incomplete38→51%
TB 24@27 CHI
Made kickIf the 38-yard kick at the gun had missed: overtime0→50%
BUF 23@6 MIN
Fourth down convertedIf the Vikings had stopped that fourth-and-19→28%
Week 8
CAR 19@27 GB
Fumble keptIf the Panthers had recovered that fumble11→26%
ARI 33@30 DAL
Made kickIf the 42-yard kick had missed0→61%
ATL 0@16 TB
Made kickIf the 46-yard kick had missed34→55%
BAL 10@36 BUF
Made kickIf the 51-yard kick had missed21→37%
CLE 6@27 PIT
Fumble keptIf the Browns had recovered that fumble14→28%
IND 7@42 JAX
Fumble lostIf the Colts had fallen on their own fumble17→29%
LV 38@33 NYJ
Made kickIf the 53-yard kick had missed10→50%
MIN 15@19 DET
Fourth down stoppedIf the Vikings had converted that fourth-and-523→42%
TEN 36@43 CIN
Fourth down stoppedIf the Titans had converted that fourth-and-30→18%
LAC 9@24 LAR
InterceptionIf that interception had fallen incomplete28→48%
KC 24@28 DEN
Fourth down stoppedIf the Chiefs had converted that fourth-and-60→99%
NE 24@19 MIA
Fourth down convertedIf the Dolphins had stopped that fourth-and-347→74%
PHI 10@27 WSH
Made kickIf the 42-yard kick had missed6→22%
CHI 34@17 SEA
Fourth down convertedIf the Seahawks had stopped that fourth-and-145→66%
Week 7
NE 24@30 CHI
Fourth down stoppedIf the Patriots had converted that fourth-and-535→56%
PIT 16@10 NO
Made kickIf the 39-yard kick had missed27→47%
CIN 35@13 BAL
Fourth down stoppedIf the Ravens had converted that fourth-and-246→70%
CLE 27@24 TEN
Made kickIf the 32-yard kick at the gun had missed: overtime0→50%
IND 10@16 MIN
Missed kickIf the Colts kicker had made it from 4819→39%
MIA 28@25 NYJ
Fourth down convertedIf the Jets had stopped that fourth-and-15→42%
NYG 27@21 HOU
Fourth down convertedIf the Texans had stopped that fourth-and-250→74%
SF 20@29 ATL
Made kickIf the 33-yard kick had missed51→72%
TB 43@13 CAR
Fumble keptIf the Panthers had recovered that fumble12→18%
DEN 30@16 ARI
Made kickIf the 43-yard kick had missed39→51%
GB 17@20 DET
Made kickIf the 22-yard kick at the gun had missed: overtime0→50%
LAR 35@21 LV
Missed kickIf the Raiders kicker had made it from 5148→58%
KC 3@20 SEA
Made kickIf the 25-yard kick had missed34→52%
DAL 38@21 PHI
InterceptionIf that interception had fallen incomplete5→20%
Week 6
SEA 14@17 DEN
Made kickIf the 53-yard kick had missed0→61%
HOU 34@31 JAX
Made kickIf the 49-yard kick at the gun had missed: overtime0→50%
BAL 10@13 CLE
Made kickIf the 37-yard kick at the gun had missed: overtime0→50%
CAR 25@14 PHI
Fourth down convertedIf the Eagles had stopped that fourth-and-113→35%
CHI 31@23 ATL
Fourth down stoppedIf the Falcons had converted that fourth-and-39→17%
NO 34@27 NYG
Made kickIf the 58-yard kick had missed76→90%
NYJ 19@26 NE
Fourth down convertedIf the Jets had stopped that fourth-and-122→44%
PIT 26@19 TB
InterceptionIf that interception had fallen incomplete19→52%
TEN 26@20 IND
Fourth down stoppedIf the Colts had converted that fourth-and-174→44%
ARI 18@16 LAR
Made kickIf the 43-yard kick had missed0→99%
BUF 33@30 LV
Made kickIf the 47-yard kick had missed44→62%
LAC 6@22 KC
Fumble keptIf the Chargers had recovered that fumble22→38%
DAL 13@23 GB
Fourth down convertedIf the Cowboys had stopped that fourth-and-310→21%
WSH 17@23 SF
Fourth down stoppedIf the Commanders had converted that fourth-and-33→34%
Week 5
TB 24@16 DAL
InterceptionIf that interception had fallen incomplete1→25%
PHI 17@19 JAX
Made kickIf the 57-yard kick had missed0→99%
CIN 31@24 MIA
Made kickIf the 26-yard kick had missed1→6%
CLE 12@17 NYJ
Fumble keptIf the Browns had recovered that fumble29→55%
HOU 26@3 TEN
Made kickIf the 53-yard kick had missed22→40%
IND 22@34 PIT
Fourth down convertedIf the Colts had stopped that fourth-and-116→42%
LV 17@45 NE
Fourth down convertedIf the Raiders had stopped that fourth-and-235→58%
MIN 23@13 NO
Made kickIf the 55-yard kick had missed9→32%
NYG 27@27 WSH
Fumble lostIf the Giants had fallen on their own fumble45→71%
CHI 7@31 GB
Fumble keptIf the Bears had recovered that fumble18→34%
DEN 23@17 LAC
Made kickIf the 36-yard kick had missed14→36%
DET 45@21 ARI
Fourth down convertedIf the Cardinals had stopped that fourth-and-368→84%
SF 32@29 SEA
Fourth down stoppedIf the Seahawks had converted that fourth-and-105→50%
BAL 30@23 ATL
Fourth down stoppedIf the Falcons had converted that fourth-and-256→74%
BUF 37@34 LAR
Made kickIf the 45-yard kick had missed0→66%
Week 4
PIT 24@27 CLE
Made kickIf the 56-yard kick at the gun had missed: overtime9→50%
IND 30@13 WSH
Made kickIf the 48-yard kick had missed40→62%
ARI 24@36 NYG
Made kickIf the 39-yard kick had missed57→77%
DAL 34@30 HOU
Fourth down convertedIf the Texans had stopped that fourth-and-469→92%
GB 17@14 TB
Fourth down stoppedIf the Buccaneers had converted that fourth-and-116→52%
JAX 22@17 CIN
Fourth down stoppedIf the Bengals had converted that fourth-and-103→46%
LAR 24@20 PHI
Made kickIf the 40-yard kick had missed55→71%
NE 29@26 BUF
InterceptionIf that interception had fallen incomplete8→35%
NYJ 12@23 CHI
Fourth down convertedIf the Jets had stopped that fourth-and-132→51%
TEN 18@24 BAL
InterceptionIf that interception had fallen incomplete30→53%
MIA 10@15 MIN
Fourth down convertedIf the Dolphins had stopped that fourth-and-121→45%
DEN 14@24 SF
Fourth down convertedIf the Broncos had stopped that fourth-and-132→52%
KC 30@27 LV
Fumble keptIf the Raiders had recovered that fumble11→44%
LAC 23@30 SEA
Fumble keptIf the Chargers had recovered that fumble6→14%
DET 26@32 CAR
Fourth down convertedIf the Lions had stopped that fourth-and-426→51%
Week 3
ATL 35@14 GB
Fourth down stoppedIf the Packers had converted that fourth-and-118→34%
CAR 18@21 CLE
Fourth down stoppedIf the Panthers had converted that fourth-and-163→31%
CIN 27@30 PIT
Fumble lostIf the Bengals had fallen on their own fumble3→34%
HOU 17@19 IND
Made kickIf the 53-yard kick had missed18→71%
KC 24@10 MIA
Made kickIf the 34-yard kick had missed19→40%
LAC 16@24 BUF
Fourth down convertedIf the Chargers had stopped that fourth-and-642→72%
NYJ 24@31 DET
Fourth down convertedIf the Jets had stopped that fourth-and-240→63%
SEA 31@33 WSH
InterceptionIf that interception had fallen incomplete5→34%
TEN 7@12 NYG
InterceptionIf that interception had fallen incomplete3→50%
NE 6@35 JAX
Fumble lostIf the Patriots had fallen on their own fumble43→54%
ARI 30@36 SF
Made kickIf the 57-yard kick had missed12→26%
MIN 23@16 TB
Made kickIf the 56-yard kick had missed28→63%
BAL 34@31 DAL
Made kickIf the 56-yard kick at the gun had missed: overtime0→50%
LV 35@27 NO
InterceptionIf that interception had fallen incomplete22→41%
LAR 26@30 DEN
InterceptionIf that interception had fallen incomplete27→68%
PHI 7@27 CHI
Fourth down convertedIf the Eagles had stopped that fourth-and-134→54%
Week 2
DET 31@41 BUF
Fumble keptIf the Lions had recovered that fumble47→63%
CAR 34@3 ATL
Fumble lostIf the Falcons had fallen on their own fumble40→57%
CIN 20@6 HOU
Made kickIf the 51-yard kick had missed29→47%
CLE 23@19 TB
Fourth down stoppedIf the Buccaneers had converted that fourth-and-114→66%
GB 20@17 NYJ
Made kickIf the 26-yard kick had missed0→59%
MIN 9@3 CHI
Made kickIf the 39-yard kick had missed14→35%
NO 24@17 BAL
Fourth down convertedIf the Ravens had stopped that fourth-and-144→65%
PHI 24@20 TEN
Fourth down convertedIf the Titans had stopped that fourth-and-243→65%
PIT 3@20 NE
Made kickIf the 45-yard kick had missed14→26%
JAX 13@20 DEN
Missed kickIf the Jaguars kicker had made it from 5439→52%
LV 26@14 LAC
Fumble lostIf the Chargers had fallen on their own fumble14→51%
MIA 13@35 SF
Missed kickIf the Dolphins kicker had made it from 5136→52%
SEA 31@7 ARI
Made kickIf the 33-yard kick had missed21→30%
WSH 20@37 DAL
Made kickIf the 44-yard kick had missed23→36%
IND 30@33 KC
Made kickIf the 40-yard kick at the gun had missed: overtime0→50%
NYG 6@28 LAR
Fumble keptIf the Giants had recovered that fumble2→6%
Week 1
NE 10@13 SEA
InterceptionIf that interception had fallen incomplete5→43%
SF 27@7 LAR
Fourth down stoppedIf the Rams had converted that fourth-and-118→36%
ATL 13@20 PIT
InterceptionIf that interception had fallen incomplete14→33%
BAL 41@23 IND
InterceptionIf that interception had fallen incomplete35→47%
BUF 36@31 HOU
Fumble keptIf the Texans had recovered that fumble57→85%
CHI 59@37 CAR
Fourth down stoppedIf the Panthers had converted that fourth-and-317→36%
CLE 10@34 JAX
InterceptionIf that interception had fallen incomplete36→55%
NO 30@31 DET
Missed kickIf the Saints kicker had made it from 6245→99%
NYJ 23@10 TEN
Fourth down convertedIf the Titans had stopped that fourth-and-232→47%
TB 27@33 CIN
Made kickIf the 58-yard kick had missed14→32%
ARI 26@14 LAC
Made kickIf the 44-yard kick had missed33→53%
GB 22@39 MIN
Fourth down stoppedIf the Packers had converted that fourth-and-168→85%
MIA 13@27 LV
Fourth down convertedIf the Dolphins had stopped that fourth-and-130→55%
WSH 22@24 PHI
Made kickIf the 35-yard kick had missed16→29%
DAL 20@28 NYG
Fumble keptIf the Cowboys had recovered that fumble32→55%
DEN 10@31 KC
Fourth down convertedIf the Broncos had stopped that fourth-and-230→56%
MethodHow this is built
- Which plays
- Plays with a binary outcome that could plausibly have gone the other way: a lost or recovered fumble, an interception (flipped to an incompletion), a field goal or extra point (made or missed), a fourth-down try (converted or stopped).
- The other world
- We rebuild the state right after the play with the outcome flipped (score, possession, down, distance, field position, clock, timeouts) and price it with two models fitted on this season's play-by-play: expected points by down, distance and field position (R² 0.95) and win probability from margin, expected points, time and timeouts (R² 0.97 on 16,554 snaps). With the clock at zero only the score counts; a tie means overtime, a coin flip.
- What it is not
- The rest of the game never happened: the number is the win probability in the instant after the play, not a prediction of the final score.
- Whose door
- Always told from the side of the team that lost: the play that would have helped it most.