The LabEvery officiating crew, by the numbers

Ref Crew Report

18 officiating crews, every accepted flag of the 2026 season. The league averages 14.7 flags and 118 yards a game; Scott Novak's crew throws 18.2, Brad Rogers's 12. Home teams draw 50% of the flags overall. Numbers only: no crew is judged right or wrong here.

136 gamesFlag Ledger JSON

Most flagsScott Novak18.2 a game, 164.1 yards Fewest flagsBrad Rogers12 a game, 92 yards Furthest from 50/50Alan Eck61% of flags on the home team

Volume against impact

Flags thrown vs games moved

Right = more flags · Up = more win probability moved per game

Bottom lineScott Novak's crew throws the most flags (18.2 a game); Scott Novak's flags move the most win probability (51 points a game, league 39).

How to read this chart

One circle = one officiating crew,: named after its referee (the crew chief). Bigger circle = more games worked.
Left to right:: accepted flags per game. Further right = a crew that calls more.
Bottom to top:: how much those flags changed the game, measured as win probability moved per game (the chance of winning, in points, that swings on each flag, added up). Higher = flags that hit bigger moments.
The two dashed lines: are the league averages: top right is many flags that matter, bottom left few flags that rarely change anything. Tap a circle for the crew page.

All crews

Every crew, by flags per game

Bottom lineAlan Eck's crew is furthest from 50/50: 61% of its flags go against the home team.

How to read the crew cards

Big number:: accepted flags per game. The bar under it compares the crew with the busiest crew; the small tick is the league average (14.7).
Home / away scale:: which side the crew's flags land on. A level beam is an even split; the % under it says it exactly: above 50% means more flags against the home team.
Win prob. moved:: how many points of win probability the crew's flags swing in a typical game.
Tags at the bottom:: penalties the crew calls more often than the league: ×2.0 means twice as often. Small samples, so read them as hints.

Crew ofScott Novak

#1 in flags

18.2flags a game164.1 yards · 9 games

Home / away44% on the home team

Win prob. moved51ptsa game

×2.7Unsportsmanlike Conduct×2.3Intentional Grounding×2.0Unnecessary Roughness

Crew ofCraig Wrolstad

#2 in flags

17.3flags a game151.8 yards · 8 games

Home / away53% on the home team

Win prob. moved40ptsa game

×3.9Taunting×3.1Neutral Zone Infraction×2.4Ineligible Downfield Pass

Crew ofAdrian Hill

#3 in flags

16.9flags a game122 yards · 7 games

Home / away51% on the home team

Win prob. moved36ptsa game

×3.7Illegal Contact×2.8Kickoff Out of Bounds×1.9Intentional Grounding

Crew ofAlex Moore

#4 in flags

16.8flags a game141.4 yards · 8 games

Home / away44% on the home team

Win prob. moved46ptsa game

×2.7Illegal Use of Hands×2.5Face Mask×2.5Illegal Shift

Crew ofClete Blakeman

#5 in flags

15.8flags a game120.1 yards · 8 games

Home / away52% on the home team

Win prob. moved42ptsa game

×2.6Taunting×2.3Defensive Too Many Men on Field×2.0Unsportsmanlike Conduct

Crew ofBrad Allen

#6 in flags

15flags a game110.3 yards · 8 games

Home / away54% on the home team

Win prob. moved40ptsa game

×1.6Neutral Zone Infraction×1.5Kickoff Short of Landing Zone×1.5Offensive Pass Interference

Crew ofShawn Hochuli

#7 in flags

14.4flags a game109.3 yards · 8 games

Home / away47% on the home team

Win prob. moved34ptsa game

×2.8Illegal Contact×2.3Defensive Too Many Men on Field×1.6Ineligible Downfield Pass

Crew ofAlan Eck

#8 in flags

14.3flags a game118.8 yards · 8 games

Home / away61% on the home team

Win prob. moved41ptsa game

×2.8Encroachment×2.3Defensive Too Many Men on Field×2.1Illegal Shift

Crew ofLand Clark

#9 in flags

14.3flags a game114.8 yards · 8 games

Home / away54% on the home team

Win prob. moved41ptsa game

×2.5Intentional Grounding×1.7Illegal Shift×1.5Kickoff Short of Landing Zone

Crew ofRonald Torbert

#10 in flags

14flags a game115.1 yards · 8 games

Home / away48% on the home team

Win prob. moved32ptsa game

×1.9Face Mask×1.5Kickoff Short of Landing Zone×1.4Defensive Pass Interference

Crew ofJohn Hussey

#11 in flags

13.9flags a game105 yards · 8 games

Home / away51% on the home team

Win prob. moved39ptsa game

×3.6Kickoff Out of Bounds×2.4Ineligible Downfield Pass×1.8Illegal Contact

Crew ofBill Vinovich

#12 in flags

13.9flags a game108.9 yards · 7 games

Home / away45% on the home team

Win prob. moved45ptsa game

×3.9Defensive Too Many Men on Field×3.4Unsportsmanlike Conduct×1.7Kickoff Short of Landing Zone

Crew ofClay Martin

#13 in flags

13.4flags a game106.9 yards · 9 games

Home / away49% on the home team

Win prob. moved47ptsa game

×2.2Offensive Pass Interference×2.2Ineligible Downfield Pass×2.2Kickoff Out of Bounds

Crew ofAlex Kemp

#14 in flags

13.3flags a game105.6 yards · 8 games

Home / away44% on the home team

Win prob. moved23ptsa game

×3.9Taunting×2.5Neutral Zone Infraction×1.7Roughing the Passer

Crew ofCarl Cheffers

#15 in flags

13.3flags a game104 yards · 8 games

Home / away45% on the home team

Win prob. moved37ptsa game

×2.6Taunting×2.0Unsportsmanlike Conduct×1.8Delay of Game

Crew ofShawn Smith

#16 in flags

13.3flags a game111.7 yards · 6 games

Home / away50% on the home team

Win prob. moved34ptsa game

×2.3Defensive Holding×1.3Delay of Game×1.3Face Mask

Crew ofKeith Parham

#17 in flags

12.5flags a game106.5 yards · 2 games

Home / away48% on the home team

Win prob. moved24ptsa game

×4.0Unsportsmanlike Conduct×3.4Intentional Grounding×1.8Illegal Contact

Crew ofBrad Rogers

#18 in flags

12flags a game92 yards · 8 games

Home / away51% on the home team

Win prob. moved35ptsa game

×3.5Encroachment×3.0Kickoff Short of Landing Zone×2.4Kickoff Out of Bounds

What gets called

The league's flags, per game

Bottom lineOffensive Holding is the most common flag: 3.12 a game.

How to read this chart

One bar per penalty type,: as long as how many times it is called in an average game (the number on the right), all crews combined.

Offensive Holding3.12

False Start2.78

Defensive Pass Interference1.17

Delay of Game0.92

Defensive Holding0.74

Unnecessary Roughness0.66

Defensive Offside0.65

Roughing the Passer0.45

Face Mask0.40

Neutral Zone Infraction0.40

Illegal Formation0.38

Illegal Shift0.30

Illegal Block Above the Waist0.30

Illegal Use of Hands0.28

The archive · 1999 to today

Every referee since 1999

41 referees with 48+ games, 7,337 games. Each cell is a season: flags a game against that season's average.

How to read this chart

One row = one referee: with at least 48 games since 1999; active referees first.
One cell = one season.: Yellow: that season he called more flags a game than the league average of that year; blue-grey: fewer; dim: about average. The brighter the cell, the further from average; empty cells are seasons he did not work.
The columns on the right:: career games, flags a game above (+) or below (−) the average, how often the home team won his games, and how often games went over the betting total.

Referee'00'05'10'15'20'25GamesFlagsHomeOver

Carl Cheffers2008-now291+0.761%51%

Bill Vinovich2004-now278−1.453%45%

Clete Blakeman2010-now263−0.055%49%

Craig Wrolstad2014-now198−0.251%49%

Brad Allen2014-now195−0.556%47%

John Hussey2015-now185−0.766%48%

Ron Torbert2015-now155−0.156%49%

Alex Kemp2018-now136+0.554%50%

Shawn Hochuli2018-now135+0.953%43%

Shawn Smith2018-now134−0.151%51%

Clay Martin2018-now132−0.252%50%

Adrian Hill2019-now117+0.848%45%

Scott Novak2019-now116−0.146%48%

Land Clark2020-now100+0.142%47%

Brad Rogers2020-now97+0.355%54%

Alan Eck2023-now54−1.567%44%

Tra Blake2022-202448+0.452%56%

Jerome Boger2006-2022260+0.960%55%

Tony Corrente1999-2021357+0.159%45%

Walt Anderson2000-2019268+0.757%48%

Walt Coleman1999-2018307−0.659%50%

Peter Morelli2003-2018249−0.957%51%

John Parry2007-2018182−0.157%56%

Ed Hochuli1999-2017306+0.760%47%

Jeff Triplette1999-2017292+0.759%50%

Terry McAulay2001-2017267+0.655%50%

Gene Steratore2006-2017185−0.958%53%

Bill Leavy2001-2014211−0.548%51%

Ron Winter1999-2013229+0.657%52%

Mike Carey1999-2013229+0.058%42%

Scott Green2004-2013140−0.760%60%

Alberto Riveron2008-201275−1.155%48%

Bill Carollo1999-2008162+0.160%48%

Larry Nemmers1999-2007134+1.065%47%

Gerry Austin1999-2007129−0.755%60%

Bernie Kukar1999-2005110−0.752%50%

Tom White1999-2005104+0.052%51%

Johnny Grier1999-200482+0.754%52%

Ron Blum1999-200375+0.351%50%

Dick Hantak1999-200263−0.859%50%

Bob McElwee1999-200261−1.152%45%

more flags than that seasonabout averagefewer flags· brighter = further from average · active referees first

How to read the four boards

Home cooking / Road friendly:: the referees whose games the home team wins most and least often, against 56% league-wide.
Over the total:: how often his games score more than the betting total, against 49% league-wide.
Flag-happy:: flags a game above each season's average, over the whole career.

Home cookingHome teams win 56% league-wide

John Hussey185 games · active66%
Larry Nemmers134 games65%
Carl Cheffers291 games · active61%
Alan Eck54 games · active67%
Jerome Boger260 games60%

Road friendlyWhere the home edge shrinks

Land Clark100 games · active42%
Bill Leavy211 games48%
Scott Novak116 games · active46%
Adrian Hill117 games · active48%
Craig Wrolstad198 games · active51%

Over the totalGames go over 49% league-wide

Gerry Austin129 games60%
Scott Green140 games60%
Jerome Boger260 games55%
John Parry182 games56%
Gene Steratore185 games53%

Flag-happyFlags a game above the season average

Larry Nemmers134 games+1.0
Shawn Hochuli135 games · active+0.9
Jerome Boger260 games+0.9
Adrian Hill117 games · active+0.8
Walt Anderson268 games+0.7

How to read the boards: with 41 referees, one or two will sit far from the league by chance alone, so a single leader is not proof of a tendency. The referee also does not pick the games: schedules, teams and weather all ride along. Totals and spreads are closing lines from nflverse; pushes are left out.

MethodHow this is built

Archive: Referee for every game since 1999 from nflverse; accepted flags per team from the play-by-play; flags compared with each season's own average because flag rates move with the rules. Super Bowls are left out of home and away numbers.
Crews: Grouped by referee (the crew chief), from the seven officials listed for each game. Crews with at least two games.
Flags: Accepted penalties only, the same set as the Flag Ledger. Declined and offsetting fouls are out.
Win probability moved: The absolute change in win probability on every accepted flag, summed per game. It measures how much the crew's flags mattered, not whether they were right.
Signature calls: Penalty types the crew calls more often per game than the league (×2.0 = twice as often), only for fouls called at least 12 times league-wide. Small samples: a crew has worked only a handful of games.

Referee photos from Wikimedia Commons, cropped: Scott Novak by All-Pro Reels (CC BY-SA 2.0); Craig Wrolstad by All-Pro Reels (CC BY-SA 2.0); Adrian Hill by All-Pro Reels (CC BY-SA 2.0); Clete Blakeman by Arnie Papp (CC BY 2.0); Brad Allen by All-Pro Reels (CC BY-SA 4.0); Land Clark by Doctorindy (CC BY 4.0); Ronald Torbert by All-Pro Reels (CC BY-SA 2.0); John Hussey by All-Pro Reels (CC BY-SA 2.0); Bill Vinovich by All-Pro Reels (CC BY-SA 2.0); Clay Martin by Lisa Ferdinando (CC BY 2.0); Alex Kemp by All-Pro Reels (CC BY-SA 4.0); Carl Cheffers by Erik Drost (CC BY 2.0); Shawn Smith by Brandon O'Connor (Public domain); Brad Rogers by All-Pro Reels (CC BY-SA 4.0). Referees without a freely licensed photo are shown with their initials.